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|nickname= |country=Japan |group1= |std1= |note = Conservation status, FAO (2007): critical〔 }} The Kiso or Kiso Horse ((日本語:木曽馬), kiso uma) is one of the eight indigenous horse breeds of Japan. It is the only native horse breed from Honshu, the principal island of Japan.〔 Like most other Japanese native breeds, it is critically endangered.〔 ==History== The Kiso breed originates from the Kiso Valley and the Kiso Sanmyaku mountain range, in Nagano Prefecture, and the Higashimino region of Gifu Prefecture, in central Honshu.〔〔〔 During the Meiji era (1868–1912) it was severely affected by the breeding programme of the Imperial Japanese Army, which wanted taller horses and ordered that all stallions of the breed should be gelded,〔 and that only imported stallions be used to cover Kiso mares.〔 After the Second World War few pure-bred Kiso horses remained.〔 A single stallion, dedicated to a religious shrine, had escaped castration. His son Daisan-haruyama was born in 1951 and is the foundation stallion of the present-day breed.〔 In 1899 there were 6823 Kiso horses.〔 Between 1965 and 1976 breed numbers fell from 510 to 32.〔 Registration of the breed began in that year, under the Kiso Pony Conservation Group,〔 which was formed in 1969,〔 and numbers have since slowly recovered.〔 In 2013 the total population was estimated at 150.〔 As a result of this population bottleneck, the effective population size – which has been calculated to be 45.8 – is much lower than the census population.〔〔 Four distinct sub-populations within the Kiso breed were identified in 2012.〔 The Kiso Uma no Sato, or "Kiso horse village", at Kaita Kogen below Mount Kiso Ontake, is a centre for the breeding and conservation of the Kiso breed.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kiso Horse」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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